Digital Transformation in Public Administration through Digital Leadership to Improve Government Efficiency

Muhtarom Muhtarom; Untung Rahardja; Po Abas Sunarya; Arthur Freeman

doi:10.33050/tmj.v11i1.2641

Authors

Muhtarom Muhtarom Universitas Terbuka
Untung Rahardja University of Technology Malaysia
Po Abas Sunarya Universitas Raharja
Arthur Freeman Ilearning Incorporation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33050/tmj.v11i1.2641

Keywords:

Digital Leadership, Digital Transformation, Government Efficiency, Public Administration, Public Service Performance

Abstract

This study examines the role of digital leadership in accelerating digital transformation within public administration to improve governmental efficiency. The objective of this research is to analyze how digital leadership influences the effectiveness, transparency, and service quality of public sector institutions in the digital era. This study employs a quantitative approach using survey data collected from 125 public sector employees, complemented by Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the relationships between variables. The results indicate that digital leadership has a significant positive effect on the success of digital transformation initiatives, which in turn enhances operational efficiency, decision-making speed, and public service delivery quality additionally, organizational readiness and technological infrastructure are identified as supporting factors that strengthen these relationships. In conclusion, the study highlights that effective digital leadership is a critical driver in ensuring successful digital transformation in public administration, thereby improving overall government performance, and it is recommended that policymakers invest in leadership development and digital capability enhancement to sustain long-term efficiency gains.

References

[1] M. S. J. Sangaji and J. Irianto, “Transformasi inovasi pelayanan publik menuju pemerintahan digital public service innovation transformation towards digital government,” Jejaring Administrasi Publik, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 654–667, 2025.

[2] A. Ilyasi, GOVERNANSI DIGITAL Transformasi Digital dalam Administrasi Publik. Penerbit Widina, 2025.

[3] C. Aqila, “Inovasi pelayanan publik digital dalam meningkatkan efisiensi pemerintahan daerah,” Jurnal Administrasi Publik, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15–21, 2025.

[4] B. Tiara, J. Suwita, T. Nurhaeni, A. Asmawati, D. Apriliasari, S. A. Anjani et al., “Blockchain trust and risk perception influencing millennial cryptocurrency investment decisions,” in 2025 4th International Conference on Creative Communication and Innovative Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2025, pp. 1–7.

[5] Z. Abdussamad, L. Judijanto, A. Yusup, A. M. Husni Tamrin, D. Rosyalita, and H. W. Sari Rahayu, “Enhancing public service delivery through digital transformation: Challenges and opportunities in the era of e-government.” Pakistan Journal of Life & Social Sciences, vol. 22, no. 2, 2024.

[6] T. Soemartono, K. Effendy, P. Sukmana et al., “Digital leadership and innovation in indonesia’s public administration: Insights from the govtech ina digital reform,” International Journal of Social Science and Religion (IJSSR), pp. 305–320, 2025.

[7] A. Rozi, J. Junengsih, S. Alam, A. Pawar, W. Sumarjo, and D. Sunarsi, “Impact of hr management on ai implementation and data protection in indonesian manufacturing,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management (IJCITSM), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 51–64, 2026.

[8] K. Gani and M. Jaya, “Birokrasi publik di era digital: Tantangan dan peluang reformasi administrasi pemerintahan,” Indonesian Journal of Intellectual Publication, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 104–112, 2025.

[9] A. Setiawan, “Transformasi digital berbasis data di kabupaten jember: Strategi tata kelola pemerintahan daerah menuju era 5.0,” Interelasi Humaniora, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 396–402, 2025.

[10] P. P. Sianita, Y. Harwani, D. Permana, and E. S. Imaningsih, “Driving hospital revisit intentions through a technopreneurship approach to ewom care quality and patient experience,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 469–477, 2026.

[11] I. N. A. L. S. Putra. (2024, Oct.) Transformasi digital organisasi publik dalam pengelolaan data dan informasi. [Online]. Available: https://kubutambahan.bulelengkab.go.id/informasi/detail/artikel/18 transformasi-digital-organisasi-publik-dalam-pengelolaan-data-dan-informasi

[12] H. D. Purnomo, S. Y. Prasetyo, I. R. Widiasari, U. Rahardja et al., “Explainable ai with shap for data-driven growth prediction in smart poultry farming,” in 2025 2nd International Conference on Information System and Information Technology (ICISIT). IEEE, 2025, pp. 1–6.

[13] E. Alexandrina, U. Sumarwan, L. N. Yuliati, and P. Nurhayati, “Trust and perceived value as strategic drivers in indonesia omnichannel beautypreneurship,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 443–454, 2026.

[14] M. Alzayat, “Enhancing public administration efficiency through digital transformation,” Ph.D. dissertation, California State University, Northridge, 2024.

[15] A. Simanjuntak, A. Sutarman, S. A. Anjani, and A. Nuche, “Integrating artificial intelligence in e-learning for organizational well-being through orange technology mapping,” IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13–26, 2025.

[16] I. Shantilawati, O. I. Suri, R. A. Sunarjo, S. A. Anjani, and D. Robert, “Unveiling new horizons: Ai-driven decision support systems in hrm-a novel bibliometric perspective,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 252–263, 2025.

[17] H. Sugiyanto, “The evolution of public sector leadership in the era of digital transformation,” International Journal of Public Administration and Policy, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23–30, 2025.

[18] C. S. Bangun, H. Hetilaniar, A. Faturahman, S. Jackson, S. A. Anjani, E. A. Natasya et al., “Analyzing opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence integration in indonesian innovation and education,” in 2025 4th International Conference on Creative Communication and Innovative Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2025, pp. 1–7.

[19] Y. S. Fadillah, I. Yusnita, A. A. Kamal, A. Aprillia, and S. Millah, “Designing an educational information system to enhance learning factory management in higher education,” International Transactions on Education Technology (ITEE), vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 66–82, 2025.

[20] A. Latifa and A. Frinaldi, “Transformasi digital dalam manajemen kepegawaian: Studi kasus implementasi aplikasi e-cuti untuk mewujudkan good governance,” Future Academia: The Journal of Multidisciplinary Research on Scientific and Advanced, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 601–610, 2024.

[21] T. S. Goh, S. Martinez, S. L. Sitorus, and T. L. Anita, “Adaptive strategic approaches and their impact on economic growth in dynamic markets,” Startupreneur Business Digital (SABDA Journal), vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 174–183, 2025.

[22] A. Frinaldi, A. Afdalisma, A. Rezeki, and B. Saputra, “Digital transformation of government administration: Analysis of efficiency, transparency, and challenges in indonesia,” in Iapa Proceedings Conference, 2024, pp. 82–101.

[23] A. Boussaidi and K. Korbi, “The role of transformational leadership in promoting digital transformation through employee engagement in public administration,” International Journal of Public Leadership, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 285–311, 2025.

[24] K. F. P. Oganda, N. Lyraa, and G. Jacqueline, “Harnessing economic opportunities: Business and blockchain technology introduction for communities,” Blockchain Frontier Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 144–149, 2024.

[25] M. Cahyono, N. D. Saputra, and A. I. Saputra, “Transformasi digital pemerintahan: Perubahan organisasi dan budaya pemerintahan melalui teknologi digital,” Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Mura, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 92–100, 2023.

[26] S. S. Kasim, M. Satyadharma, P. H. Asis, L. O. Wahiyuddin et al., “Penguatan kepemimpinan digital di sektor pemerintahan dalam mendorong peningkatan layanan publik yang akuntabel, efisien dan efektif (studi pada kantor staf ahli gubernur bidang pemerintahan, hukum dan politik provinsi sulawesi tenggara),” The World of Public Administration Journal, 2025.

[27] E. Susetyono, D. S. Priyarsono, A. Sukmawati, and P. Nurhayati, “Improving risk management maturity in ultra micro soe holding companies,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 310–324, 2026.

[28] M. Corbino, “Digital transformation of the public administration: Between efficiency and innovation,” Artificial Intelligence and Productivity: Challenges and Opportunities, p. 77, 2025.

[29] H. Hamdan, H. Cahyadi, K. Vaher, and A. Ratih, “Ai-driven optimization of pulsed dc sputtering for enhanced indium tin oxide films,” International Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 85–94, 2025.

[30] A. Androniceanu, I. Georgescu, and J. Kinnunen, “Public administration digitalization and corruption in the eu member states. a comparative and correlative research analysis,” Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, vol. 18, no. 65, pp. 5–22, 2022.

[31] S. L. Zulu, A. M. Saad, S. O. Ajayi, M. Dulaimi, and M. Unuigbe, “Digital leadership enactment in the construction industry: barriers undermining effective transformation,” Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 4062–4078, 2024.

[32] A. A. Setyawan, E. Setyawati, and J. S. P. Tyoso, “Digital resilience framework for msme development in facing global market volatility,” Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT), vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 239–252, 2026.

[33] S. Maryuni, D. Darmawan, E. Apriyani, P. Zesa, W. Selpiani et al., “Transformasi pelayanan digital terpadu dalam penerapan sistem pemerintahan berbasis elektronik,” Jurnal Pembelajaran Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (JP2M), vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1011–1028, 2024.

[34] M. T. Hidayat and Y. S. Guntur, “Tranformasi digital melalui implementasi e-government pada organisasi sektor publik,” Majalah Ekonomi, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 123–141, 2025.

[35] M. B. Karo, B. P. Miller, and O. A. Al-Kamari, “Leveraging data utilization and predictive analytics: Driving innovation and enhancing decision making through ethical governance,” International Transactions on Education Technology (ITEE), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 152–162, 2024.

[36] S. Suprapto and U. S. Baderan, “Strategi digitalisasi administrasi publik untuk mewujudkan smart governance,” Publik: Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Administrasi dan Pelayanan Publik, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 407–414, 2026.

[37] R. Nawi, M. N. Mahmud et al., “Isomorphism dalam transformasi digital inovasi pelayanan publik,” Journal Publicuho, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2083–2090, 2024.

[38] K. Umar, H. Nenobais et al., “Transformasi digital dalam meningkatkan tata kelola pemerintahan di kantor kecamatan kebayoran baru jakarta selatan,” Arus Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 4241–4251, 2025.

[39] K. Khoirudin, S. Y. J. Prasetyo, S. Wijono, E. Maria, and U. Rahardja, “Transfer learning in data-scarce agricultural yield forecasting: A bibliometric and systematic literature review,” in 2nd International Conference on Social Environment Diversity (ICOSEND 2025). Atlantis Press, 2026, pp. 467–477.

[40] I. Suteja, “Transformasi tata kelola administrasi publik di era digital: Studi tentang implementasi e-government dalam pelayanan sosial masyarakat,” SJoSSAS (Sakinah Journal of Social Sciences and Administrative Sciences), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 19–28, 2026.

[41] S. Usman, E. Rachman, and R. Nggilu, “Transformasi digitalisasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja kantor camat bongomeme kabupaten gorontalo,” Journal of Governance and Public Administration, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 947–958, 2025.

[42] F. Ariyanto, N. P. L. Santoso, M. F. Kamil, and U. Rahardja, “Innovative mobile banking solutions powered by 5g: Ensuring security and seamless connectivity,” in 2024 6th International Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent System (ICORIS). IEEE, 2024, pp. 01–05.

[43] A. Hidayatullah et al., “Transformasi digital dalam tata kelola pemerintahan daerah: Studi inovasi layanan publik berbasis smart village di kabupaten lombok barat,” in Prosiding Seminar NasIonal Pembangunan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan dan Riset Ilmu Sosial, vol. 2, no. 1, 2025, pp. 352–360.

[44] L. A. Marcelina, A. Maharani, D. A. Khadijah, N. A. Putri, and M. K. Anwar, “Implementasi dan tantangan sistem e-kinerja dalam meningkatkan produktivitas asn di era digital governance,” JIMU: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipliner, vol. 4, no. 01, pp. 1395–1403, 2025.

[45] A. Asmawati, N. Hermawati, C. T. Karisma, D. Ayu, A. I. Setyobudi, and M. A. Alyano, “Smartpls application for evaluating cybersecurity resilience in university of raharja it infrastructure,” International Journal of Cyber and IT Service Management, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2024.

[46] D. Srikandi, “Strategi transformasi digital dalam peningkatan pelayanan publik daerah,” Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29–35, 2025.

[47] F. Adriansyah, “Strategi penguatan kompetensi kepemimpinan digital guna akselerasi kinerja organisasi,” Jurnal Transformasi Administrasi, vol. 15, no. 02, pp. 178–189, 2025.

[48] F. S. Putri, H. R. Ngemba, S. Hendra, and W. Wirdayanti, “Sistem layanan ujian psikotes sim menggunakan computer based test berbasis website: Sim psychological test service system using computer based test based on website,” Technomedia Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 92–104, 2024.