The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Engagement and Organizational Growth

Authors

  • Umi Rusilowati Universitas Pamulang image/svg+xml Author
  • Cicilia Sriliasta Bangun Esa Unggul University Author
  • Daniel Bennet Eduaward Incorporation Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v9i2.2441

Keywords:

Leadership Styles, Employee Engagement, Organizational Growth, SmartPLS, SEM

Abstract

Leadership plays a crucial role in shaping organizational success by influ- encing employee engagement, motivation, and overall business performance. Effective leadership fosters an environment where employees feel valued, en- gaged, and aligned with corporate goals, ultimately driving sustainable growth. This study aims to analyze the impact of different leadership styles transformational, transactional, and servant leadership on employee engagement and their subsequent effect on organizational growth. By employing a quantitative research approach using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS, this study provides empirical evidence on how leadership behaviors affect work- place dynamics. Data were collected from employees across various indus- tries using a structured survey. The relationships between leadership styles, employee engagement, and organizational growth were examined using Partial Least Squares-SEM (PLS-SEM). Reliability and validity were tested through Cronbach’s Alpha, Composite Reliability (CR), and Average Variance Extracted (AVE). The findings indicate that servant leadership has the strongest impact on employee engagement, followed by transformational and transactional lead- ership. Employee engagement significantly mediates the relationship between leadership styles and organizational growth. Organizations should priori- tize transformational and servant leadership approaches to enhance employee engagement and long-term growth. Future research should explore industry- specific leadership adaptations and the role of digital transformation in leader- ship effectiveness.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

M. M. Khan, M. S. Mubarik, S. S. Ahmed, T. Islam, E. Khan, A. Rehman, and F. Sohail, “My mean- ing is my engagement: exploring the mediating role of meaning between servant leadership and work engagement,” Leadership & Organization Development Journal, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 926–941, 2021.

W. Schaufeli, “Engaging leadership: how to promote work engagement?” Frontiers in psychology, vol. 12, p. 754556, 2021.

T. D. Nyoach, K. L. Debela, T. Debela, and S. Kant, “Does organizational commitment mediate the relationship between employee relationship management and bank performance? the case of banks in ethiopia,” International Journal of Organizational Leadership, vol. 13, no. 2, 2024.

Q. Aini, D. Manongga, U. Rahardja, I. Sembiring, and Y.-M. Li, “Understanding behavioral intention to use of air quality monitoring solutions with emphasis on technology readiness,” International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 1–21, 2024.

N. H. Thanh and N. V. Quang, “Transformational, transactional, laissez-faire leadership styles and employee engagement: Evidence from vietnam’s public sector,” Sage Open, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 21582440221094606, 2022.

I. Ahmad, K. Ullah, and A. Khan, “The impact of green hrm on green creativity: mediating role of pro- environmental behaviors and moderating role of ethical leadership style,” The international journal of human resource management, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 3789–3821, 2022.

S. Kalogiannidis, “Impact of employee motivation on organizational performance. a scoping review paper for public sector,” The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 8 (3), 984, vol. 996, no. 3, 2021.

M. N. Islam, F. Furuoka, and A. Idris, “Mapping the relationship between transformational leadership, trust in leadership and employee championing behavior during organizational change,” Asia Pacific Man- agement Review, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 95–102, 2021.

A. Alheet, A. Adwan, A. Areiqat, A. Zamil, and M. Saleh, “The effect of leadership styles on employees’ innovative work behavior,” Management Science Letters, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 239–246, 2021.

A. Juheti and E. Sulaeman, “Effect of work discipline and compensation on the performance of employees of subang district trade and industrial cooperative office,” Aptisi Transactions on Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 128–136, 2021.

T. Fischer and S. B. Sitkin, “Leadership styles: A comprehensive assessment and way forward,” Academy of Management Annals, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 331–372, 2023.

Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2025, February) Mendikdas- men raih penghargaan the visionary and emerging leadership di elshinta award 2025. Accessed: 2025-05-26. [Online]. Available: https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2025/02/ mendikdasmen-raih-penghargaan-the-visionary-and-emerging-leadership-di-elshinta-award-2025

S. A. Baig, S. Iqbal, M. Abrar, I. A. Baig, F. Amjad, M. Zia-ur Rehman, and M. U. Awan, “Impact of leadership styles on employees’ performance with moderating role of positive psychological capital,” Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, vol. 32, no. 9-10, pp. 1085–1105, 2021.

A. Ruangkanjanases, A. Khan, O. Sivarak, U. Rahardja, and S.-C. Chen, “Modeling the consumers’ flow experience in e-commerce: The integration of ecm and tam with the antecedents of flow experience,” SAGE Open, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 21582440241258595, 2024.

S. Ahmad, T. Islam, M. Sadiq, and A. Kaleem, “Promoting green behavior through ethical leadership: a model of green human resource management and environmental knowledge,” Leadership & Organization Development Journal, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 531–547, 2021.

P. C. Susanto, S. Syailendra, and R. F. Suryawan, “Determination of motivation and performance: Anal- ysis of job satisfaction, employee engagement and leadership,” International Journal of Business and Applied Economics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 59–68, 2023.

Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2024, Novem- ber) Mendikdasmen dorong peningkatan kualitas guru dan transformasi ilmu. Ac- cessed: 2025-05-26. [Online]. Available: https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2024/11/ mendikdasmen-dorong-peningkatan-kualitas-guru-dan-transformasi-ilmu

G. S. Putra, I. I. Maulana, A. D. Chayo, M. I. Haekal, R. Syaharani et al., “Pengukuran efektivitas platform e-learning dalam pembelajaran teknik informatika di era digital,” Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 19–29, 2024.

T. Karatepe, A. Ozturen, O. M. Karatepe, M. M. Uner, and T. T. Kim, “Management commitment to the ecological environment, green work engagement and their effects on hotel employees’ green work outcomes,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 3084– 3112, 2022.

U. Rahardja, Q. Aini, A. S. Bist, S. Maulana, and S. Millah, “Examining the interplay of technology readiness and behavioural intentions in health detection safe entry station,” JDM (Jurnal Dinamika Man- ajemen), vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 125–143, 2024.

T. A. Bhutto, R. Farooq, S. Talwar, U. Awan, and A. Dhir, “Green inclusive leadership and green cre- ativity in the tourism and hospitality sector: serial mediation of green psychological climate and work engagement,” Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1716–1737, 2021.

G. Saad Alessa, “The dimensions of transformational leadership and its organizational effects in public universities in saudi arabia: A systematic review,” Frontiers in psychology, vol. 12, p. 682092, 2021.

Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2024, October) Cermati isu gizi di asia tenggara, seameo recfon gelar konferensi internasional pangan dan gizi. Accessed: 2025-05-26. [Online]. Available: https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2024/10/ cermati-isu-gizi-di-asia-tenggara-seameo-recfon-gelar-konferensi-internasional-pangan-dan-gizi

Y. Alsafadi and S. Altahat, “Human resource management practices and employee performance: the role of job satisfaction,” The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 519–529, 2021.

B. K. AlNuaimi, S. K. Singh, and B. Harney, “Unpacking the role of innovation capability: Exploring the impact of leadership style on green procurement via a natural resource-based perspective,” Journal of business research, vol. 134, pp. 78–88, 2021.

R. Sivaraman, M.-H. Lin, M. I. C. Vargas, S. I. S. Al-Hawary, U. Rahardja, F. A. H. Al-Khafaji, E. V. Golubtsova, and L. Li, “Multi-objective hybrid system development: To increase the performance of diesel/photovoltaic/wind/battery system.” Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems, vol. 11, no. 3, 2024.

H. Heslina and A. Syahruni, “The influence of information technology, human resources competency and employee engagement on performance of employees,” Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 01–12, 2021.

H. Nusantoro, P. A. Sunarya, N. P. L. Santoso, and S. Maulana, “Generation smart education learning process of blockchain-based in universities,” Blockchain Frontier Technology, vol. 1, no. 01, pp. 21–34, 2021.

M. Soelton, “Conceptualizing organizational citizenship behavior and learning organization in the labor sector,” Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 239–255, 2023.

I. Kawiana, L. K. C. Dewi, P. S. Hartati, M. Setini, and D. Asih, “Effects of leadership and psychological climate on organizational commitment in the digitization era,” The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1051–1062, 2021.

Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. (2024, October) Winner 2024: Kolaborasi indonesia-belanda bidang pendidikan dan riset untuk masa depan berkelanju- tan. Accessed: 2025-05-26. [Online]. Available: https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2024/10/ winner-2024-kolaborasi-indonesiabelanda-bidang-pendidikan-and-riset-untuk-masa-depan-berkelanjutan

I. A. Kurniawan, D. Yusman, and I. O. Aprilia, “Utilization of blockchain technology revolution in elec- tronic id card data integrity,” APTISI Transactions on Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 137–142, 2021.

J. Park, S. J. Han, J. Kim, and W. Kim, “Structural relationships among transformational leadership, affective organizational commitment, and job performance: the mediating role of employee engagement,” European Journal of Training and Development, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 920–936, 2022.

Z. Ahmed Iqbal, G. Abid, M. Arshad, F. Ashfaq, M. A. Athar, and Q. Hassan, “Impact of authoritative and laissez-faire leadership on thriving at work: The moderating role of conscientiousness,” European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 667–685, 2021.

D. Robert, F. P. Oganda, A. Sutarman, W. Hidayat, and A. Fitriani, “Machine learning techniques for predicting the success of ai-enabled startups in the digital economy,” CORISINTA, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61– 69, 2024.

Z. Elkhwesky, I. E. Salem, H. Ramkissoon, and J.-A. Castan˜eda-Garc´ıa, “A systematic and critical review of leadership styles in contemporary hospitality: a roadmap and a call for future research,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1925–1958, 2022.

I. Hajiali, A. M. F. Kessi, B. Budiandriani, E. Prihatin, and M. M. Sufri, “Determination of work moti- vation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance,” Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 57–69, 2022.

T. Ayuninggati, E. P. Harahap, R. Junior et al., “Supply chain management, certificate management at the transportation layer security in charge of security,” Blockchain Frontier Technology, vol. 1, no. 01, pp. 1–12, 2021.

S. A. Qalati, Z. Zafar, M. Fan, M. L. S. Limo´n, and M. B. Khaskheli, “Employee performance under transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: A mediated model,” Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 11, 2022.

M.-C. De-la Calle-Dura´n and J.-L. Rodr´ıguez-Sa´nchez, “Employee engagement and wellbeing in times of covid-19: a proposal of the 5cs model,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 18, no. 10, p. 5470, 2021.

S. Purnama, A. Sukmasari, and R. Bhandari, “The role of religiosity as a mediating variable in the rela- tionship between online transactions and customer satisfaction and loyalty in islamic banking,” APTISI Transactions on Management, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 143–151, 2021.

A. M. Saks, “Caring human resources management and employee engagement,” Human resource man- agement review, vol. 32, no. 3, p. 100835, 2022.

G. Mazzetti and W. B. Schaufeli, “The impact of engaging leadership on employee engagement and team effectiveness: A longitudinal, multi-level study on the mediating role of personal-and team resources,” Plos one, vol. 17, no. 6, p. e0269433, 2022.

N. Lutfiani, A. Ivanov, N. P. L. Santoso, S. V. Sihotang, and S. Purnama, “E-commerce growth plan for msmes’ sustainable development enhancement,” CORISINTA, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 80–86, 2024.

Y. Song, Q.-t. Tian, and H. K. Kwan, “Servant leadership and employee voice: a moderated mediation,”

Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2022.

Q. Wang, H. Hou, and Z. Li, “Participative leadership: A literature review and prospects for future re- search,” Frontiers in psychology, vol. 13, p. 924357, 2022.

S. A. Hasan, W. N. Al-Zahra, A. S. Auralia, D. A. Maharani, R. Hidayatullah et al., “Implementasi teknologi blockchain dalam pengamanan sistem keuangan pada perguruan tinggi,” Jurnal MENTARI: Manajemen, Pendidikan dan Teknologi Informasi, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 11–18, 2024.

M. L. Specchia, M. R. Cozzolino, E. Carini, A. Di Pilla, C. Galletti, W. Ricciardi, and G. Damiani, “Leadership styles and nurses’ job satisfaction. results of a systematic review,” International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 18, no. 4, p. 1552, 2021.

N. A. A. Abdelwahed, B. A. Soomro, and N. Shah, “Predicting employee performance through transac- tional leadership and entrepreneur’s passion among the employees of pakistan,” Asia Pacific Management Review, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 60–68, 2023.

S. F. Rasool, M. Wang, M. Tang, A. Saeed, and J. Iqbal, “How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing,” International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 2294, 2021.

S. Riyanto, E. Endri, and N. Herlisha, “Effect of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee per- formance: Mediating role of employee engagement,” Problems and Perspectives in Management, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 162, 2021.

G. Mazzetti, E. Robledo, M. Vignoli, G. Topa, D. Guglielmi, and W. B. Schaufeli, “Work engagement: A meta-analysis using the job demands-resources model,” Psychological reports, vol. 126, no. 3, pp. 1069–1107, 2023.

D. T. Wijayati, Z. Rahman, A. Fahrullah, M. F. W. Rahman, I. D. C. Arifah, and A. Kautsar, “A study of artificial intelligence on employee performance and work engagement: the moderating role of change leadership,” International Journal of Manpower, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 486–512, 2022.

J. Jufrizen, D. S. Harahap, and H. Khair, “Leader-member exchange and employee performance: Medi- ating roles of work engagement and job satisfaction,” Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 306–322, 2023.

A. Rodriguez-Clare and J. Dingel, “the effect of compensation, leadership style and work discipline on the performance of hospital employee in united states,” MEDALION JOURNAL: Medical Research, Nursing, Health and Midwife Participation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 33–47, 2021.

H. Aldabbas, A. Pinnington, and A. Lahrech, “The influence of perceived organizational support on em- ployee creativity: The mediating role of work engagement,” Current psychology, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 6501–6515, 2023.

O. M. A. Ababneh, “How do green hrm practices affect employees’ green behaviors? the role of employee engagement and personality attributes,” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 1204–1226, 2021.

M. Yusuf, A. Haryono, H. Hafid, N. A. Salim, and M. Efendi, “Analysis of competence, leadership style, and compensation in the bandung city pasar bermartabat,” Jurnal Darma Agung, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 524–2, 2022.

Downloads

Published

2025-05-30

How to Cite

The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Engagement and Organizational Growth. (2025). APTISI Transactions on Management, 9(2), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.33050/atm.v9i2.2441

Most read articles by the same author(s)